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家永
家永
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2021-05-01
hi
Reminder: A shares are closed for three days on May Day, and Hong Kong and US stocks trade as usual
五一小长假即将要来临了,值得一提的是,今年五一劳动节继续连休五天。关于五一股市安排方面,也是投资者们关注的焦点,下面一起来看看2021年五一股市休市几天?A股:5月1日(周六)至5月5日(周三)休市,
Reminder: A shares are closed for three days on May Day, and Hong Kong and US stocks trade as usual
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家永
家永
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2021-04-29
hi
Amazon wants to raise more than 500,000 employees by at least 50 cents an hour
腾讯证券4月29日讯,亚马逊周三宣布将给旗下50多万名员工涨工资。在亚马逊官网上发布的一篇博客文章中,该公司全球人力资源副总裁达西-亨利(Darcie Henry)表示,亚马逊将把旗下50多万名美国员
Amazon wants to raise more than 500,000 employees by at least 50 cents an hour
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家永
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2021-04-28
hi
Zhaoke Ophthalmology-B's first-hand winning rate is 25%, and the subscription of 10 lots is stable
4月28日消息,本周三兆科眼科-B发布公告,公司发行约1.24亿股,每股定价16.8港元,每手500股,预期4月29日上市。公开发售阶段兆科眼科-B获56倍认购,分配至公开发售的发售股份最终数目为49
Zhaoke Ophthalmology-B's first-hand winning rate is 25%, and the subscription of 10 lots is stable
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家永
家永
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2021-04-26
hi
The US dollar releases water, the world floods, and the strongest inflation annihilates all living beings!
1997年以色列的一场大会上,有人问弗里德曼,能不能一句话概括出经济学的精义,这位著作等身的经济学大师脱口而出,天下没有免费的午餐,这就是我经济理论的全部。反观当前,过去几周,美国财政刺激和货币宽松的
The US dollar releases water, the world floods, and the strongest inflation annihilates all living beings!
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家永
家永
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2021-04-24
hi
Sorry, this post has been deleted
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家永
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2021-04-23
hi
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家永
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2021-04-14
?
Coinbase CEO Open Letter: Going public will be a milestone
4月14日讯,Coinbase联合创始人兼首席执行官Brian Armstrong发表公开信,他表示,今天,Coinbase在纳斯达克上市,十年的工作把我们带到了这里。我们经历了许多波折,凭借运气和技
Coinbase CEO Open Letter: Going public will be a milestone
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家永
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2021-03-24
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It is worth mentioning that this year's May Day Labor Day will continue to take five consecutive days off. Regarding the arrangement of the May Day stock market, it is also the focus of investors' attention. Let's take a look at how many days the May Day stock market will be closed in 2021?<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9dcfc9f46149ed58e89371cfb512c504\" tg-width=\"976\" tg-height=\"667\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"><b>A shares:</b></p><p>The market will be closed from Saturday, May 1 to Wednesday, May 5, and will open as usual from Thursday, May 6.</p><p><b>Hong Kong stocks:</b></p><p>Trading as usual.</p><p><b>U.S. stocks:</b></p><p>Trading as usual.</p><p><b>UK shares:</b></p><p>May 3rd (Monday) is the traditional British holiday Bank holiday, and the British stock market is closed for one day</p><p><b>Singapore Market:</b></p><p>Trading as usual.</p><p><b>Australian Market:</b></p><p>Trading as usual.</p><p><b>Shanghai Stock Connect and Shenzhen Stock Connect:</b></p><p>Closed from Saturday, May 1 to Wednesday, May 5 and open as usual from Thursday, May 6.</p><p><b>Hong Kong Stock Connect:</b></p><p>Closed from Thursday, April 29 to Wednesday, May 5 and open as usual from Thursday, May 6.</p><p>I wish you the most beautiful workers a happy May Day, peace and joy!<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/703fdb4d8b073167b0b526575917e6b9\" tg-width=\"674\" tg-height=\"399\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Reminder: A shares are closed for three days on May Day, and Hong Kong and US stocks trade as usual</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nReminder: A shares are closed for three days on May Day, and Hong Kong and US stocks trade as usual\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/102\">\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">老虎资讯综合 </p>\n<p class=\"h-time smaller\">2021-04-20 16:19</p>\n</div>\n</a>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p>The May Day holiday is coming soon. It is worth mentioning that this year's May Day Labor Day will continue to take five consecutive days off. Regarding the arrangement of the May Day stock market, it is also the focus of investors' attention. Let's take a look at how many days the May Day stock market will be closed in 2021?<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9dcfc9f46149ed58e89371cfb512c504\" tg-width=\"976\" tg-height=\"667\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"><b>A shares:</b></p><p>The market will be closed from Saturday, May 1 to Wednesday, May 5, and will open as usual from Thursday, May 6.</p><p><b>Hong Kong stocks:</b></p><p>Trading as usual.</p><p><b>U.S. stocks:</b></p><p>Trading as usual.</p><p><b>UK shares:</b></p><p>May 3rd (Monday) is the traditional British holiday Bank holiday, and the British stock market is closed for one day</p><p><b>Singapore Market:</b></p><p>Trading as usual.</p><p><b>Australian Market:</b></p><p>Trading as usual.</p><p><b>Shanghai Stock Connect and Shenzhen Stock Connect:</b></p><p>Closed from Saturday, May 1 to Wednesday, May 5 and open as usual from Thursday, May 6.</p><p><b>Hong Kong Stock Connect:</b></p><p>Closed from Thursday, April 29 to Wednesday, May 5 and open as usual from Thursday, May 6.</p><p>I wish you the most beautiful workers a happy May Day, peace and joy!<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/703fdb4d8b073167b0b526575917e6b9\" tg-width=\"674\" tg-height=\"399\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/703fdb4d8b073167b0b526575917e6b9","relate_stocks":{},"is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1170908014","content_text":"五一小长假即将要来临了,值得一提的是,今年五一劳动节继续连休五天。关于五一股市安排方面,也是投资者们关注的焦点,下面一起来看看2021年五一股市休市几天?A股:5月1日(周六)至5月5日(周三)休市,5月6日(周四)起照常开市。港股:照常交易。美股:照常交易。英股:5月3日(周一)为英国传统节日Bank holiday,英股休市一日新加坡市场:照常交易。澳大利亚市场:照常交易。沪股通、深股通:5月1日(周六)至5月5日(周三)关闭,5月6日(周四)起照常开通。港股通:4月29日(周四)至5月5日(周三)关闭,5月6日(周四)起照常开通。祝各位最美劳动者五一节日快乐,平安喜乐!","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":4255,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":109076643,"gmtCreate":1619656902782,"gmtModify":1704727455932,"author":{"id":"3576725256218989","authorId":"3576725256218989","name":"家永","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b2bd55700e996ad58a5f66e4394f3c0d","crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3576725256218989","idStr":"3576725256218989"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"hi","listText":"hi","text":"hi","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/109076643","repostId":"1131896131","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1131896131","kind":"news","pubTimestamp":1619656087,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/1131896131?lang=en_US&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2021-04-29 08:28","market":"hk","language":"zh","title":"Amazon wants to raise more than 500,000 employees by at least 50 cents an hour","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1131896131","media":"腾讯网","summary":"腾讯证券4月29日讯,亚马逊周三宣布将给旗下50多万名员工涨工资。在亚马逊官网上发布的一篇博客文章中,该公司全球人力资源副总裁达西-亨利(Darcie Henry)表示,亚马逊将把旗下50多万名美国员","content":"<p>Tencent Securities April 29th-Amazon announced on Wednesday that it would raise the wages of more than 500,000 employees.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0580a335435856dd72e90bafc39f0461\" tg-width=\"630\" tg-height=\"354\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>In a blog post posted on Amazon's official website, Darcie Henry, the company's vice president of global human resources, said that Amazon will raise the hourly wages of its more than 500,000 U.S. employees by at least 50 cents and by at most 3 dollars.</p><p>Henry noted that Amazon will spend more than $1 billion to raise the pay of these employees. The executive revealed that this round of pay increases will take effect from mid-May to early June this year.</p><p>Amazon said it conducted an in-depth evaluation of annual compensation for employees at various positions in its customer fulfillment centers, courier, package sorting and professional fulfillment teams from last fall to this spring.</p><p>Amazon is hiring new employees in a big way as COVID fuels a surge in online orders. Henry noted that the raise is an incentive for Amazon's hiring drive for thousands of operational jobs across the United States.</p><p>As the U.S. economy begins to reopen, some businesses are saying they're having trouble finding eligible workers, claiming expanded unemployment benefits could be a cause of the staffing shortage.</p><p>Critics argue that employers should consider raising wages to attract job seekers.</p><p>In 2018, under pressure from politicians and workers' rights groups, Amazon raised the minimum wage to $15/hour for all of its U.S. employees.</p><p>Amazon is one of the businesses that reportedly backed the Raising Wages Act. The bill has received the support of President Joe Biden and numerous top Democratic officials. Under the Raising Wages Act, the federal minimum wage will be increased to $15/hour by October 2025.</p><p>At present, the federal minimum wage in the United States is $7.25 an hour, which is equivalent to about $15,000 a year for a worker working 40 hours a week, which is about $10,000 below the federal poverty line for a family of four. It is worth mentioning that the minimum wage of $7.25 has not changed since 2009, which is the longest time since 1938 that the United States has not raised the minimum wage.</p><p>Earlier this month, employees at one of Amazon's warehouses in Alabama held a vote on whether to establish the first U.S. -based union at the big tech company. In this high-stakes campaign, Amazon cited the \"minimum wage of $15/hour\" as an important argument against unionization.</p><p>The e-commerce giant is by far the second-largest private employer in the United States, behind retail rival Walmart, which employs more than 800,000 people nationwide. (Mina)</p>","source":"lsy1571985465872","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Amazon wants to raise more than 500,000 employees by at least 50 cents an hour</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nAmazon wants to raise more than 500,000 employees by at least 50 cents an hour\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<p class=\"head\">\n<strong class=\"h-name small\">腾讯网</strong><span class=\"h-time small\">2021-04-29 08:28</span>\n</p>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p>Tencent Securities April 29th-Amazon announced on Wednesday that it would raise the wages of more than 500,000 employees.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0580a335435856dd72e90bafc39f0461\" tg-width=\"630\" tg-height=\"354\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>In a blog post posted on Amazon's official website, Darcie Henry, the company's vice president of global human resources, said that Amazon will raise the hourly wages of its more than 500,000 U.S. employees by at least 50 cents and by at most 3 dollars.</p><p>Henry noted that Amazon will spend more than $1 billion to raise the pay of these employees. The executive revealed that this round of pay increases will take effect from mid-May to early June this year.</p><p>Amazon said it conducted an in-depth evaluation of annual compensation for employees at various positions in its customer fulfillment centers, courier, package sorting and professional fulfillment teams from last fall to this spring.</p><p>Amazon is hiring new employees in a big way as COVID fuels a surge in online orders. Henry noted that the raise is an incentive for Amazon's hiring drive for thousands of operational jobs across the United States.</p><p>As the U.S. economy begins to reopen, some businesses are saying they're having trouble finding eligible workers, claiming expanded unemployment benefits could be a cause of the staffing shortage.</p><p>Critics argue that employers should consider raising wages to attract job seekers.</p><p>In 2018, under pressure from politicians and workers' rights groups, Amazon raised the minimum wage to $15/hour for all of its U.S. employees.</p><p>Amazon is one of the businesses that reportedly backed the Raising Wages Act. The bill has received the support of President Joe Biden and numerous top Democratic officials. Under the Raising Wages Act, the federal minimum wage will be increased to $15/hour by October 2025.</p><p>At present, the federal minimum wage in the United States is $7.25 an hour, which is equivalent to about $15,000 a year for a worker working 40 hours a week, which is about $10,000 below the federal poverty line for a family of four. It is worth mentioning that the minimum wage of $7.25 has not changed since 2009, which is the longest time since 1938 that the United States has not raised the minimum wage.</p><p>Earlier this month, employees at one of Amazon's warehouses in Alabama held a vote on whether to establish the first U.S. -based union at the big tech company. In this high-stakes campaign, Amazon cited the \"minimum wage of $15/hour\" as an important argument against unionization.</p><p>The e-commerce giant is by far the second-largest private employer in the United States, behind retail rival Walmart, which employs more than 800,000 people nationwide. (Mina)</p>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n<p> source:<a href=\"https://new.qq.com/omn/20210429/20210429A00STC00.html\">腾讯网</a></p>\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0580a335435856dd72e90bafc39f0461","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://new.qq.com/omn/20210429/20210429A00STC00.html","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1131896131","content_text":"腾讯证券4月29日讯,亚马逊周三宣布将给旗下50多万名员工涨工资。在亚马逊官网上发布的一篇博客文章中,该公司全球人力资源副总裁达西-亨利(Darcie Henry)表示,亚马逊将把旗下50多万名美国员工的时薪至少上调50美分,至多上调3美元。亨利指出,亚马逊将斥资10多亿美元来为这些员工加薪。这位高管透露,本轮加薪将从今年5月中旬至6月初开始生效。亚马逊表示,从去年秋季开始,到今年春季,该公司针对旗下客户履行中心、快递、包裹分拣以及专业履行团队的各个岗位的员工的年度薪酬进行了深入的评估。随着新冠疫情助推在线订单数量激增,亚马逊大规模招聘新员工。亨利指出,此次加薪是为了激励亚马逊在全美范围内成千上万个运营岗位的招聘活动。随着美国经济开始重新开放,一些企业纷纷表示,他们很难找到符合条件的工人,并声称扩大失业救济可能是造成人员短缺的一个原因。批评人士认为,雇主应该考虑通过上调工资来吸引求职者。2018年,在政界人士和工人维权组织的压力下,亚马逊将旗下所有美国员工的最低工资上调至15美元/小时。据报道,亚马逊是支持《提高工资法案》的企业之一。这项法案已获得总统乔-拜登(Joe Biden)和众多民主党高官的支持。根据《提高工资法案》,在2025年10月前将联邦最低工资将被上调至15美元/小时。当前,美国联邦最低工资标准为每小时7.25美元,对于每周工作40小时的工人而言,相当于每年能赚大约1.5万美元,比四口之家的联邦贫困线低1万美元左右。值得一提的是,7.25美元的最低工资标准自2009年以来就未曾变过,这也是自1938年以来美国在最长时间内没有上调最低工资标准。本月早些时候,亚马逊位于阿拉巴马州的一个仓库的员工举行投票,决定是否在这家大型科技公司建立美国本土的第一个工会。在这场事关重大的活动中,亚马逊把“最低工资为15美元/小时”作为反对成立工会的一项重要论据。到目前为止,这家电子商务巨头是美国第二大私营雇主,仅次于零售竞争对手沃尔玛,后者在全美范围内拥有80多万名员工。(米娜)","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":4607,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":100382385,"gmtCreate":1619581134647,"gmtModify":1704726303908,"author":{"id":"3576725256218989","authorId":"3576725256218989","name":"家永","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b2bd55700e996ad58a5f66e4394f3c0d","crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3576725256218989","idStr":"3576725256218989"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"hi","listText":"hi","text":"hi","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/100382385","repostId":"1155419221","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1155419221","kind":"news","weMediaInfo":{"introduction":"为用户提供金融资讯、行情、数据,旨在帮助投资者理解世界,做投资决策。","home_visible":1,"media_name":"老虎资讯综合","id":"102","head_image":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba"},"pubTimestamp":1619570931,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/1155419221?lang=en_US&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2021-04-28 08:48","market":"hk","language":"zh","title":"Zhaoke Ophthalmology-B's first-hand winning rate is 25%, and the subscription of 10 lots is stable","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1155419221","media":"老虎资讯综合","summary":"4月28日消息,本周三兆科眼科-B发布公告,公司发行约1.24亿股,每股定价16.8港元,每手500股,预期4月29日上市。公开发售阶段兆科眼科-B获56倍认购,分配至公开发售的发售股份最终数目为49","content":"<p>April 28 news, this Wednesday<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/06622\">Zhaoke Ophthalmology-B</a>According to the announcement, the company issued about 124 million shares, priced at HK$ 16.8 per share, with 500 shares per lot, and is expected to be listed on April 29th.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/01b92e9bd3171ffb2457dc1b91f4f602\" tg-width=\"664\" tg-height=\"549\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\">Zhaoke Ophthalmology-B was 56 times subscribed for during the Public Offer and the final number of Offer Shares allocated to the Public Offer was 49.427 million, representing 40% of the total number of Offer Shares (before any Over-allotment Option is exercised). A total of 111,183 valid applications were received, with a successful rate of 25%, and 10 lots were successfully subscribed.</p><p>In addition, the International Offering was over-subscribed and the final number of Offer Shares was 74,140,500, representing 60% of the total number of Offer Shares.</p><p><b>Assignment Results:</b></p><p>Group A has 500 shares per lot, and the entrance fee is HK$8484.65. The winning rate of one hand is 25%, and the subscription of 10 lots is stable.</p><p>Block B is comprised of 300,000 shares (600 lots), and the funds required for the subscription are approximately HK$5,090,788.08, and 25,500 shares (51 lots) are allocated.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/4698be44707b7f7a568fc24b1cfa2592\" tg-width=\"715\" tg-height=\"822\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/6b70e8623eed25bc759fc685cd6438aa\" tg-width=\"725\" tg-height=\"629\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>The net proceeds of approximately HK$1,942 million will be used for the following purposes: approximately 32% will be used for clinical development and commercialization of core products; Approximately 46% will fund ongoing research and development activities and commercialization of other drug candidates; Approximately 7% will be used for production line expansion at our advanced production facility in Nansha in preparation for product launch in the coming years; Approximately 5% will fund business development activities and expansion of drug candidates; Approximately 10% will be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes.</p><p>It is reported that Zhaoke Ophthalmology is an ophthalmic pharmaceutical company. At present, it has established a comprehensive ophthalmic drug pipeline containing 25 drug candidates through independent development or licensing introduction, covering most major ophthalmic indications affecting the anterior and posterior segments of the eye.</p><p>According to the prospectus, the company initially focused its strategy on the five major ophthalmic indications in China (in terms of market potential), including dry eye syndrome (DED), wet senile macular disease (wAMD), diabetic macular edema (DME), myopia and glaucoma. According to CIC, the company has one of the most comprehensive ophthalmic drug pipelines in China</p><p>It is worth noting that the company has received the support of star institutional investors, including Singapore Government Investment Corporation, Hillhouse Capital, TPG, Zhengxingu Capital, Aobo Capital and Aier Eye Hospital. While<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/00950.HK\">Li's Pharmaceutical Factory</a>Before the IPO, it held 34.1% of the shares of Zhaoke Ophthalmology and was the single largest shareholder of the Company.</p><p>In terms of financial data, the Company was not profitable and incurred operating losses during the Track Record Period. Loss for the year expanded from RMB122 million in 2019 to RMB727 million in 2020.</p><p>In terms of industry, China's ophthalmic drug market is in its infancy and is growing exponentially with a rapid trend. The market size of ophthalmic drugs in China grew from US$1.8 billion in 2015 to US$2.6 billion in 2019, representing a CAGR of 9.3%. It is expected to further grow from a CAGR of 18.6% in 2019 to US$7.2 billion in 2025 and from a CAGR of 22.9% in 2025 to US$20.2 billion in 2030, exceeding the growth of the global ophthalmic drug market over the same period</p><p>The ophthalmic drug market in China is fragmented, and there is a lack of companies focusing on ophthalmology with the intention and ability to systematically solve the challenges in this professional field. For most market participants, ophthalmic drug assets represent only a small portion of their businesses. Only a few companies, mostly multinational, have drug portfolios covering major ophthalmic diseases affecting the anterior and posterior segments of the eye.</p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Zhaoke Ophthalmology-B's first-hand winning rate is 25%, and the subscription of 10 lots is stable</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nZhaoke Ophthalmology-B's first-hand winning rate is 25%, and the subscription of 10 lots is stable\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/102\">\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">老虎资讯综合 </p>\n<p class=\"h-time smaller\">2021-04-28 08:48</p>\n</div>\n</a>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p>April 28 news, this Wednesday<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/06622\">Zhaoke Ophthalmology-B</a>According to the announcement, the company issued about 124 million shares, priced at HK$ 16.8 per share, with 500 shares per lot, and is expected to be listed on April 29th.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/01b92e9bd3171ffb2457dc1b91f4f602\" tg-width=\"664\" tg-height=\"549\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\">Zhaoke Ophthalmology-B was 56 times subscribed for during the Public Offer and the final number of Offer Shares allocated to the Public Offer was 49.427 million, representing 40% of the total number of Offer Shares (before any Over-allotment Option is exercised). A total of 111,183 valid applications were received, with a successful rate of 25%, and 10 lots were successfully subscribed.</p><p>In addition, the International Offering was over-subscribed and the final number of Offer Shares was 74,140,500, representing 60% of the total number of Offer Shares.</p><p><b>Assignment Results:</b></p><p>Group A has 500 shares per lot, and the entrance fee is HK$8484.65. The winning rate of one hand is 25%, and the subscription of 10 lots is stable.</p><p>Block B is comprised of 300,000 shares (600 lots), and the funds required for the subscription are approximately HK$5,090,788.08, and 25,500 shares (51 lots) are allocated.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/4698be44707b7f7a568fc24b1cfa2592\" tg-width=\"715\" tg-height=\"822\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/6b70e8623eed25bc759fc685cd6438aa\" tg-width=\"725\" tg-height=\"629\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>The net proceeds of approximately HK$1,942 million will be used for the following purposes: approximately 32% will be used for clinical development and commercialization of core products; Approximately 46% will fund ongoing research and development activities and commercialization of other drug candidates; Approximately 7% will be used for production line expansion at our advanced production facility in Nansha in preparation for product launch in the coming years; Approximately 5% will fund business development activities and expansion of drug candidates; Approximately 10% will be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes.</p><p>It is reported that Zhaoke Ophthalmology is an ophthalmic pharmaceutical company. At present, it has established a comprehensive ophthalmic drug pipeline containing 25 drug candidates through independent development or licensing introduction, covering most major ophthalmic indications affecting the anterior and posterior segments of the eye.</p><p>According to the prospectus, the company initially focused its strategy on the five major ophthalmic indications in China (in terms of market potential), including dry eye syndrome (DED), wet senile macular disease (wAMD), diabetic macular edema (DME), myopia and glaucoma. According to CIC, the company has one of the most comprehensive ophthalmic drug pipelines in China</p><p>It is worth noting that the company has received the support of star institutional investors, including Singapore Government Investment Corporation, Hillhouse Capital, TPG, Zhengxingu Capital, Aobo Capital and Aier Eye Hospital. While<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/00950.HK\">Li's Pharmaceutical Factory</a>Before the IPO, it held 34.1% of the shares of Zhaoke Ophthalmology and was the single largest shareholder of the Company.</p><p>In terms of financial data, the Company was not profitable and incurred operating losses during the Track Record Period. Loss for the year expanded from RMB122 million in 2019 to RMB727 million in 2020.</p><p>In terms of industry, China's ophthalmic drug market is in its infancy and is growing exponentially with a rapid trend. The market size of ophthalmic drugs in China grew from US$1.8 billion in 2015 to US$2.6 billion in 2019, representing a CAGR of 9.3%. It is expected to further grow from a CAGR of 18.6% in 2019 to US$7.2 billion in 2025 and from a CAGR of 22.9% in 2025 to US$20.2 billion in 2030, exceeding the growth of the global ophthalmic drug market over the same period</p><p>The ophthalmic drug market in China is fragmented, and there is a lack of companies focusing on ophthalmology with the intention and ability to systematically solve the challenges in this professional field. For most market participants, ophthalmic drug assets represent only a small portion of their businesses. Only a few companies, mostly multinational, have drug portfolios covering major ophthalmic diseases affecting the anterior and posterior segments of the eye.</p>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/6b69e234a63c2c0a69ccede7b0faaa18","relate_stocks":{"06622":"兆科眼科-B"},"is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1155419221","content_text":"4月28日消息,本周三兆科眼科-B发布公告,公司发行约1.24亿股,每股定价16.8港元,每手500股,预期4月29日上市。公开发售阶段兆科眼科-B获56倍认购,分配至公开发售的发售股份最终数目为4942.7万股,占发售股份总数的40%(任何超额配股权获行使前)。合共接获111183份有效申请,一手中签率25%,认购10手稳中一手。此外,国际发售获超额认购,发售股份最终数目为7414.05万股,相当于发售股份总数的60%。分配结果:甲组每手500股,入场费8484.65港元。一手中签率25%,认购10手稳中一手。乙组头为300,000股(600手),申购所需资金约5090788.08港元,获配25500股(51)手。所得款项净额约19.42亿港元将用作以下用途:约32%将用于核心产品的临床开发及商业化;约46%将为其他在研候选药物的持续研发活动及商业化提供资金;约7%将用于位于南沙的先进生产设施进行生产线扩张,以筹备未来年度的产品上市;约5%将为业务开发活动及在研药物的扩展提供资金;约10%将用作营运资金及其他一般企业用途。据悉,兆科眼科是一间眼科制药公司,目前已通过自主开发或许可引进已建立起包含25种候选药物的全面眼科药物管线,涵盖影响眼前节及眼后节的多数主要眼科适应症。根据招股书,公司初步将策略重心放在中国五大眼科适应症(就市场潜力而言)上,包括干眼症(DED)、湿性老年黄斑部病变(wAMD)、糖尿病黄斑水肿(DME)、近视及青光眼。根据灼识的资料,公司拥有中国最全面的眼科药物管线之一值得注意的是,公司已获得明星机构投资者的支持,包括新加坡政府投资公司、高瓴资本、TPG、正心谷资本、奥博资本及爱尔眼科医院等。而李氏大药厂于IPO前持有兆科眼科34.1%的股份,为公司单一最大股东。财务数据方面,于往绩记录期间,公司尚未盈利并产生经营亏损。年内亏损由2019年的人民币1.22亿元扩大至2020年的人民币7.27亿元。行业方面,中国眼科药物市场正处于起步阶段,现以迅猛的态势呈指数增长。中国眼科药物的市场规模由2015年的18亿美元增长至2019年的26亿美元,复合年增长率为9.3%。预计由2019年按复合年增长率18.6%进一步增长至2025年的72亿美元及由2025年按复合年增长率22.9%增长至2030年的202亿美元,超过同期全球眼科药物市场的增长中国眼科药物市场较为分散,缺乏有意向及能力系统地解决该专业领域难题且专注于眼科的公司。对于大多数市场参与者而言,眼科药物资产仅占其业务的一小部分。仅有少数几家公司拥有涵盖影响眼睛前节及后节主要眼科疾病的药物组合,其中大部分为跨国企业。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"06622":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":4244,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":374973472,"gmtCreate":1619413437296,"gmtModify":1704723472394,"author":{"id":"3576725256218989","authorId":"3576725256218989","name":"家永","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b2bd55700e996ad58a5f66e4394f3c0d","crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3576725256218989","idStr":"3576725256218989"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"hi","listText":"hi","text":"hi","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/374973472","repostId":"1130451341","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1130451341","kind":"news","pubTimestamp":1619413290,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/1130451341?lang=en_US&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2021-04-26 13:01","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"The US dollar releases water, the world floods, and the strongest inflation annihilates all living beings!","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1130451341","media":"华尔街见闻","summary":"1997年以色列的一场大会上,有人问弗里德曼,能不能一句话概括出经济学的精义,这位著作等身的经济学大师脱口而出,天下没有免费的午餐,这就是我经济理论的全部。反观当前,过去几周,美国财政刺激和货币宽松的","content":"<p>At a conference in Israel in 1997, someone asked Friedman if he could summarize the essence of economics in one sentence. This master of economics, who has many books, blurted out that there is no free lunch in the world. This is all my economic theory.</p><p>On the other hand, in the past few weeks, the double wave of fiscal stimulus and monetary easing in the United States instantly shifted the attention of the global market from deflation to inflation, almost causing a bloody storm in the stock and bond markets. Last week, as Powell suddenly began to release hawkish signals in his interview, this gluttonous feast is afraid to enter the second half.</p><p>Someone has to be prepared to pay the bill before the wine is really gone. However, how big is the sheet, and who will buy it?</p><p>As the United States slowly begins to bargain-hunting global assets, the US dollar has started to return, and emerging markets have already taken the lead in setting off a rate hike tide in order to resist the impact. As the * of money flows around the world, it is time to read the words of former US Treasury Secretary Connery: The dollar is our currency, but it is your problem.</p><p>In this issue, we will discuss the ins and outs of this huge stimulus in the United States. We will focus on three things:</p><p><b>First, the United States launched an unprecedented fiscal and monetary double stimulus. Why did it take such a heavy hand?</b></p><p><b>Second, superstimulus could cause serious overheating of the U.S. economy?</b></p><p><b>Third, the United States releases water and the world pays the bill. How will this big release end?</b></p><p><b>01. How fierce is this round of stimulus in the United States?</b></p><p>How big is the fiscal stimulus? After the $2.2 trillion fiscal stimulus last April, the Trump administration introduced another $900 billion stimulus at the end of the year; By this year, Biden passed a 1.9 trillion stimulus bill, accounting for 10% of the GDP of the United States last year. In a blink of an eye, the latest 2.25 trillion infrastructure has been officially announced. Not counting the last item that has not been officially introduced, in just one year, the total amount of fiscal stimulus has reached 5 trillion days. In vertical comparison, it is six times that of the Obama administration's nearly 800 billion stimulus in the two years after the 2008 financial crisis; Horizontally, this figure represents 25% of U.S. GDP, which is far more than Germany (12%) and Japan (16%).</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/62286730e1f021dfbeb1393d4e5fc201\" tg-width=\"553\" tg-height=\"235\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>In terms of monetary policy, how big is this round of QE? During the financial crisis in 2008, the Federal Reserve spent six years and three rounds of QE, and only bought more than 3 trillion dollars of assets in total. However, this QE took only six months to easily reach this scale.</p><p>If the financial stimulus in 2008 was a left-handed shuriken and a right-handed revolver, this time it was two cannons. But why this time, both fiscal and monetary policies in the United States have to ramp up their horsepower in a storm?</p><p>Let's take a look at finances first. The passage of the latest 1.9 trillion is very dramatic. First of all, this number far exceeded everyone's expectations, because when Biden proposed this plan, the Republican-backed stimulus figure was only more than 600 billion, a difference of 1.3 trillion. Biden has always claimed that the two parties should unite and cooperate before, and everyone thinks that he will make a compromise, and the final water release should be about 900 billion dollars.</p><p>But unexpectedly, Biden suddenly made a \"overlord hard bow\" operation and forcibly passed a plan called \"budget reconciliation procedure\". Simply put, it significantly reduces the number of votes that would otherwise be needed to pass the stimulus bill in the Senate, requiring only more than half of the votes to pass. So in the future, when the vote on 1.9 trillion is held, even if the Republicans unanimously oppose it, the Democrats, who make up the majority in the Senate, can forcibly shake off the Republicans and move the bill forward on their own.</p><p>The question is, why is Biden suddenly anxious to get 1.9 trillion fast done despite Republican opposition?</p><p>Because in the 2008 financial crisis, Obama's Democratic Party suffered a big loss on fiscal stimulus.</p><p>Twelve years ago, it was because of Republican opposition that the Obama administration's fiscal stimulus package was drastically reduced, and the original $2 trillion stimulus package ended up passing less than 800 billion.</p><p>But you know, this small amount of money was far from a quick recovery. Over the next two years, the U.S. economy grew slowly, the recovery of the job market stalled, Obama's popular approval ratings plummeted, and soon he lost the House of Representatives in 2010, and the Republicans regained control.</p><p>It can be said that in the last round of crisis, it was precisely because the Obama administration was not tough enough that not only led to the loss of power of the Democratic Party, but also made the US economy mired in the quagmire for longer.</p><p>Biden, as Obama's deputy at the time, was clearly impressed with this lesson. Therefore, after he came to power, he did not stop, and he went head-to-head, for fear of repeating the same mistakes.</p><p>So what about quantitative easing? From the above facts, it seems that the QE in 2009 was the \"sub-optimal choice\" made by the United States when its fiscal policy was bound by the Republican Party. Now that there is a lot of stimulation, why does Powell insist on withdrawing from QE?</p><p>In our opinion, there are roughly three reasons:</p><p>First, Powell never believes there will be real severe inflationary pressures. As he said at the hearing of the Financial Services Committee of the U.S. House of Representatives not long ago, global deflation has lasted for more than 20 years. Now, how can just one inflation get out of control?</p><p>Second, even if there are inflationary pressures, because of the US dollar's reserve currency status, the consequences of inflation do not need to be borne by the United States alone. We'll get to that later.</p><p>Third, the Fed is more worried about deflationary expectations than inflationary pressures.</p><p>The so-called deflation means that the inflation rate falls below zero, and the whole society is in an environment in which prices continue to fall generally.</p><p>Once people have the expectation that prices will continue to fall, they will save what they want to buy for when it is cheaper in the future. For example, if you want to buy a house, it is 5w per square meter now, but you expect it to become 4w per square meter in two years. If conditions permit, it must be more affordable to buy it after two years. The same logic is true for enterprises to buy raw materials and invest.</p><p>In this way, the desire to spend and invest is greatly reduced, and no amount of money in hand will help. Over 60% of the GDP of the United States comes from consumption. If the demand is not enough, the production will naturally not go up. The economy can only stagnate. Just look at Japan's \"lost 20 years\" to know how terrible the whole process is.</p><p>In the short term, QE is definitely a strong medicine to alleviate deflationary expectations. All it needs to do is push up asset prices, especially the stock market and property market, thus creating the illusion that people are rich and the economy is thriving. Even if it doesn't translate into real cash flow, people may happily spend more, stimulating production and economic recovery. This is entirely a matter of psychology, and it works especially well with fiscal policy.</p><p>However, don't confuse the bull market with the strength of the real economy. Is QE drinking poison to quench thirst, and will it have a backlash to the economy in the future? That's a story later, and we'll talk about it below.</p><p><b>02. The U.S. economy may overheat</b></p><p>As we explained just now, the scale of fiscal and monetary stimulus in the United States is unprecedented. So what will happen to the U.S. economy with such a huge stimulus? The answer is that inflation is rising, the economy is overheating, and the extent of overheating is likely to be much worse than markets expect. Because of the long-term and large-scale QE, it unknowingly gave inflation huge upside.</p><p>In order to understand the impact of long-term QE, let's first explain the whole transmission path of the central bank's monetary policy for macro-control in the simplest way; Go back to a \"prehistoric\" world without QE and see how the monetary policy system works under normal circumstances; Now with QE, how has the operation mode changed.</p><p>We often say that the central bank spreads money, but the money is definitely not directly spread on the people, but first spread to commercial banks and other financial institutions to form the base currency. There are many ways, including adjusting the rediscount rate and adjusting the deposit reserve ratio. The buying and selling of government bonds most related to QE is also one of them. When the central bank buys bonds, it pays a sum of money at the same time, which is essentially to inject a sum of base money into the financial system.</p><p>Then, banks either put the money into the real economy, that is, lend it to enterprises and households through loans, so that they can produce and consume, and promote economic growth; Either, if most enterprises and families are unwilling to borrow money, the remaining money will stay in the banking system in the form of savings, or flow into financial markets such as the stock market. On the one hand, the development of the real economy lacks capital drive, and on the other hand, the financial market may accumulate excess funds to cause bubbles.</p><p>In the world before QE, monetary policy went very smoothly on the above road, that is, the liquidity provided by the Federal Reserve through conventional monetary policy could be well transmitted to enterprises and residents. During the economic recession, while active fiscal policy stabilizes the confidence of enterprises and residents, the central bank lowers the policy interest rate and provides liquidity to the banking industry; As soon as commercial banks have money, residents and businesses are encouraged by low interest rates and fiscal stimulus to actively borrow money to buy houses and invest.</p><p>Once the economy starts to recover, all the central bank has to do is gradually raise policy rates and curb credit, thus preventing inflation. Therefore, it can be seen from the figure that the three lines of textbooks of base money, money supply and bank credit generally rise and fall together. In this process, the long-term interest rate also decreases and rises with the policy interest rate. The United States and Europe before 2008 and Japan before 1990 were in this state.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/5db62c0fd67426e30d8e887c264e2c1d\" tg-width=\"553\" tg-height=\"205\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>But QE broke the picture. Just now, we introduced that after the burst of the real estate bubble in 2008, due to the weak fiscal stimulus, the United States had to walk on one leg, release a lot of liquidity with monetary policy QE, and try to stimulate domestic demand, but with little success in the face of hard-hit families and enterprises. After collateral prices plummeted, people were not only reluctant to borrow money, but they still had a lot of debt waiting to be paid.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e5df372cd565af39ad4d6bcb81d7c6d0\" tg-width=\"553\" tg-height=\"438\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>Therefore, on the one hand, with the expansion of QE and the drop of interest rate to 0, the liquidity of the United States has reached an unprecedented level, and the proportion of base money in GDP has increased from 6% in 2008 to 25%; On the other hand, people hold huge savings but don't spend them. Not only does the money not leave the banking industry in the form of loans, but it also goes back in the form of savings and loan repayments (first picture), which delays the economy and inflation (second picture).</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/519c94b8f058459bc94057a57c4e4bcd\" tg-width=\"553\" tg-height=\"265\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c4531164bb26df43688035a5cf421b70\" tg-width=\"553\" tg-height=\"282\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>That is to say, if the whole monetary system still operates according to the pattern before 2008, inflation in the United States should have risen to a very high level by now. If the money scattered by the central bank is compared to water, the current price is like a sponge wrapped in a layer of gel and difficult to enter water. Once the gel is peeled off, the sponge will quickly absorb water and expand. So we can see what happens once demand improves and people start to borrow again: bank credit and money supply may both be several times higher than they are now, and prices may rise sharply with it, which will mean very high inflation.</p><p>Under such expectations, once the economy shows signs of recovery, the high tension over inflationary pressures will exacerbate the market's panic about liquidity fluctuations. Investors are worried that the central bank will have to reduce bond purchases and even sell long-term bonds at that time, so they will also sell bonds one after another to avoid risks. Therefore, the long-term interest rate of QE countries will rise faster than without QE, further causing serious fluctuations to the real economy, stock market and commodity market.</p><p>The longer QE lasts, the more serious these problems will undoubtedly be. Gu Chaoming, chief researcher of Nomura Securities, put forward a \"quantitative easing Trap\" model during the third round of QE by the Federal Reserve in 2013, and discussed the degree of damage to the economy caused by long-term QE:</p><p>Initially, the long-term interest rate decline in QE countries is much larger than that in non-QE countries, meaning that the economic recovery is subsequently faster (t1). However, as the economy recovers, monetary policy tightens, long-term interest rates climb rapidly, and some interest rate-sensitive industries face declining demand, forcing the central bank to relax its policy stance. After the economy recovered again, as the market re-focused on the possibility of the central bank absorbing excess reserves, long-term interest rates went up in a repeated cycle of so-called \"QE Trap\".</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/95fcf876d04c9fa79632dabb02901fe9\" tg-width=\"553\" tg-height=\"367\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>In contrast, long-term interest rate declines in non-QE countries are gradual, which delays the onset of recovery (t2); But once the economy starts to improve, the pace of recovery will actually be faster because of lower interest rates.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c252a193b242e7b67bb52a022f673936\" tg-width=\"553\" tg-height=\"415\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>From the seven-year experience of gradual normalization of monetary policy in the United States before the epidemic, we can also draw this conclusion. The last round of QE in the United States was phased out in 2013, but what happens if it doesn't? Will the economy be better? Maybe not.</p><p>When the Federal Reserve first began to reduce its bond purchases, the inflation rate was only 1%. After that, although there were nine rate hike and quantitative tightening (QT) started again in October 2017, the inflation rate was still slowly rising. What is holding down inflation is the same reason that keeps it slowly upward, that is, the savings in the hands of households and businesses have never been digested, and without borrowing money, rising interest rates will not put pressure on them. This, in turn, suggests that even if interest rates remain low at that time, economic activity may remain indifferent.</p><p>Not only that, due to the insufficient demand of the real economy, continued QE may lead to a large amount of spare money entering the real estate and financial markets, stirring up a thick asset bubble. In fact, U.S. commercial real estate prices are now 50% higher than their previous peak in 2007.</p><p>Importantly, in view of the fact that this round of QE is much faster than that of the financial crisis, Gu Chaoming believes in a recently released research report that the US economy has already stepped into the \"quantitative easing trap\". Once the private sector resumes borrowing, inflation will soar and long-term debt interest rates will soar. At that time, it will be necessary to greatly raise the policy interest rate to suppress inflation. In the prehistoric world without QE in the late 1970s, where the Fed raised its policy interest rate substantially to 22% to curb inflation, what level does it need now?</p><p><b>03. The United States releases water, and the world pays the bill. How will this big release end?</b></p><p>Just now we talked about the impact of super water release on the US economy. Due to the existence of US dollar hegemony, the influence of US economic policy is by no means limited to the United States. Through a series of transmission mechanisms, this round of economic stimulus in the United States has a far-reaching impact, and it is likely that the world will pay for Americans.</p><p>Among them, emerging markets may pay the biggest price, which has always been the case, and may also be one of the reasons why the United States has unscrupulously released water.</p><p>In 2020, with the surge in the circulation of the US dollar, which is the global reserve currency, various countries started the road of releasing water to resist the inflation caused by the excessive issuance of currency by the United States, and the United States exported inflation to the world. This is directly reflected in the increase of housing prices in various countries. OECD data shows that housing prices in 89% of countries in the world rose last year, the highest proportion since 2000, especially in Turkey and Russia, which rose by more than 20%.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/75c4ae79984d71e542068e5f4451b545\" tg-width=\"553\" tg-height=\"334\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>Now, with the strengthening of inflation expectations in the United States, the sharp rise of US bond yields, and the misalignment of the recovery rhythm between the United States and emerging market countries, the US dollar has begun to strengthen in stages, showing a return trend, and the situation has been completely reversed. Emerging markets have been forced to respond again to the old saying that Americans print money and the world pays for it.</p><p>Since March, emerging market countries have collectively \"jumped ahead\" and rate hike ahead of the Federal Reserve's action. In just one week before and after the interest rate meeting in the United States in March, many emerging market countries set off a rate hike wave:</p><p>On March 17th, the Bank of Brazil announced that it would raise its benchmark lending rate by 75 basis points to 2.75% (50 basis points expected).</p><p>On March 18, the central bank of Turkey announced that it would raise its key interest rate by 200 basis points to 19% (expected to raise to 18%).</p><p>On March 19, the Central Bank of Russia announced a rate hike of 25 basis points to 4.50% (expected to maintain 4.25%).</p><p>Not only that, but the indicators of emerging countries such as India,Argentina,Malaysia,Thailand,Korea and other emerging countries all show that the market's expectations for rate hike are increasing, and there will be at least one rate hike this year to the first half of next year.</p><p>The main reason driving the rate hike in emerging market countries is certainly the upward trend of inflation. From the general analysis, the pressure of inflation still comes from the supply side. On the one hand, the production capacity of downstream consumer goods in such emerging market countries is weak itself, and the impact of the epidemic has widened the gap between supply and demand, which is directly reflected in pushing up commodity prices. On the other hand, the proportion of food and transportation consumption in these countries is over 40-50%, and they rely on imports and exports. Therefore, the rapid upward trend of global petroleum products and food prices further increases the imported inflationary pressure in emerging market countries.</p><p>Figure: Inflation Level Reaches Target Policy Area</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e94ce07a7037fde2b973d9eb87b28c31\" tg-width=\"553\" tg-height=\"218\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>These emerging market countries, which are highly open and dependent on foreign trade, can only passively accept the spillovers of developed countries' economies and policies to a large extent. However, compared with the upward trend of inflation, the economic recovery of these emerging countries is still in a relatively slow process, especially in Brazil and Turkey, where the unemployment rate is higher than 10%, and the control of the epidemic is once again being tested.</p><p>Figure: Economic recovery will take time</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/2f81cda958ecf4d254726ed35cd77803\" tg-width=\"553\" tg-height=\"204\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>At the same time, in order to prevent the a vicious circle expectation of excessive return of US dollar-depreciation of local currency-hyperinflation-domestic rate hike-decline of asset prices-exposure of external debt, emerging market countries have to take the lead in starting rate hike to curb bubbles and stabilize capital outflows.</p><p>Figure: The largest appreciation of national currencies relative to the US dollar last year</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f5087af222bd88b05f938b86843362cc\" tg-width=\"553\" tg-height=\"234\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>And those countries with high foreign debt ratios and significant asset market gains may pay a greater price. Since the beginning of this year, Turkey's overnight lending rate has been higher than 15%, which is still difficult to curb the international capital outflow. After the expected rate hike, the central bank governor stepped down, which triggered a vicious circle expectations, asset prices plummeted and exchange rates collapsed. In terms of external debt, Chile, South Africa, etc. are next.</p><p>High inflation, especially in countries with high asset price increases, shows that more capital enters the virtual economy rather than the real economy recovers, and there is also a greater risk of capital outflow. For example, Argentina and India. rate hike in these countries is more of an operation of two harms and less power, and there is not much independence of monetary policy. Once there is a faster capital outflow, they will pay the price for last year's liquidity feast.</p><p>In the United States, with the return of funds, the arbitrage transactions between the United States and Europe increase the demand for U.S. debt, and the upward pressure on US Treasury yields will be eased.</p><p>Figure: The spread level between Europe and the United States widens to the average level</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/17f074dd3e16aa39866470bd4c68767c\" tg-width=\"553\" tg-height=\"294\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>With the tide and ebb of the US dollar, China, as the largest emerging market country, will withstand some shocks thanks to its domestic supply capacity, liquidity restraint and currency independence. However, under the global storm, the pressure on asset prices can hardly be eased.</p><p>Perhaps money can be overprinted, but wealth can't. When we look at the current situation of global currency from a more macro perspective, a more profound proposition is how to make good use of our own policy tools, and how to identify good assets as individuals, so that our labor remuneration can be preserved more stably. Understanding the historical responsibility of the RMB in our hands and the value of keeping a low profile, we may be able to prepare ourselves for the risks ahead.</p>","source":"highlight_wallstreetcn","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>The US dollar releases water, the world floods, and the strongest inflation annihilates all living beings!</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nThe US dollar releases water, the world floods, and the strongest inflation annihilates all living beings!\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<p class=\"head\">\n<strong class=\"h-name small\">华尔街见闻</strong><span class=\"h-time small\">2021-04-26 13:01</span>\n</p>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p>At a conference in Israel in 1997, someone asked Friedman if he could summarize the essence of economics in one sentence. This master of economics, who has many books, blurted out that there is no free lunch in the world. This is all my economic theory.</p><p>On the other hand, in the past few weeks, the double wave of fiscal stimulus and monetary easing in the United States instantly shifted the attention of the global market from deflation to inflation, almost causing a bloody storm in the stock and bond markets. Last week, as Powell suddenly began to release hawkish signals in his interview, this gluttonous feast is afraid to enter the second half.</p><p>Someone has to be prepared to pay the bill before the wine is really gone. However, how big is the sheet, and who will buy it?</p><p>As the United States slowly begins to bargain-hunting global assets, the US dollar has started to return, and emerging markets have already taken the lead in setting off a rate hike tide in order to resist the impact. As the * of money flows around the world, it is time to read the words of former US Treasury Secretary Connery: The dollar is our currency, but it is your problem.</p><p>In this issue, we will discuss the ins and outs of this huge stimulus in the United States. We will focus on three things:</p><p><b>First, the United States launched an unprecedented fiscal and monetary double stimulus. Why did it take such a heavy hand?</b></p><p><b>Second, superstimulus could cause serious overheating of the U.S. economy?</b></p><p><b>Third, the United States releases water and the world pays the bill. How will this big release end?</b></p><p><b>01. How fierce is this round of stimulus in the United States?</b></p><p>How big is the fiscal stimulus? After the $2.2 trillion fiscal stimulus last April, the Trump administration introduced another $900 billion stimulus at the end of the year; By this year, Biden passed a 1.9 trillion stimulus bill, accounting for 10% of the GDP of the United States last year. In a blink of an eye, the latest 2.25 trillion infrastructure has been officially announced. Not counting the last item that has not been officially introduced, in just one year, the total amount of fiscal stimulus has reached 5 trillion days. In vertical comparison, it is six times that of the Obama administration's nearly 800 billion stimulus in the two years after the 2008 financial crisis; Horizontally, this figure represents 25% of U.S. GDP, which is far more than Germany (12%) and Japan (16%).</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/62286730e1f021dfbeb1393d4e5fc201\" tg-width=\"553\" tg-height=\"235\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>In terms of monetary policy, how big is this round of QE? During the financial crisis in 2008, the Federal Reserve spent six years and three rounds of QE, and only bought more than 3 trillion dollars of assets in total. However, this QE took only six months to easily reach this scale.</p><p>If the financial stimulus in 2008 was a left-handed shuriken and a right-handed revolver, this time it was two cannons. But why this time, both fiscal and monetary policies in the United States have to ramp up their horsepower in a storm?</p><p>Let's take a look at finances first. The passage of the latest 1.9 trillion is very dramatic. First of all, this number far exceeded everyone's expectations, because when Biden proposed this plan, the Republican-backed stimulus figure was only more than 600 billion, a difference of 1.3 trillion. Biden has always claimed that the two parties should unite and cooperate before, and everyone thinks that he will make a compromise, and the final water release should be about 900 billion dollars.</p><p>But unexpectedly, Biden suddenly made a \"overlord hard bow\" operation and forcibly passed a plan called \"budget reconciliation procedure\". Simply put, it significantly reduces the number of votes that would otherwise be needed to pass the stimulus bill in the Senate, requiring only more than half of the votes to pass. So in the future, when the vote on 1.9 trillion is held, even if the Republicans unanimously oppose it, the Democrats, who make up the majority in the Senate, can forcibly shake off the Republicans and move the bill forward on their own.</p><p>The question is, why is Biden suddenly anxious to get 1.9 trillion fast done despite Republican opposition?</p><p>Because in the 2008 financial crisis, Obama's Democratic Party suffered a big loss on fiscal stimulus.</p><p>Twelve years ago, it was because of Republican opposition that the Obama administration's fiscal stimulus package was drastically reduced, and the original $2 trillion stimulus package ended up passing less than 800 billion.</p><p>But you know, this small amount of money was far from a quick recovery. Over the next two years, the U.S. economy grew slowly, the recovery of the job market stalled, Obama's popular approval ratings plummeted, and soon he lost the House of Representatives in 2010, and the Republicans regained control.</p><p>It can be said that in the last round of crisis, it was precisely because the Obama administration was not tough enough that not only led to the loss of power of the Democratic Party, but also made the US economy mired in the quagmire for longer.</p><p>Biden, as Obama's deputy at the time, was clearly impressed with this lesson. Therefore, after he came to power, he did not stop, and he went head-to-head, for fear of repeating the same mistakes.</p><p>So what about quantitative easing? From the above facts, it seems that the QE in 2009 was the \"sub-optimal choice\" made by the United States when its fiscal policy was bound by the Republican Party. Now that there is a lot of stimulation, why does Powell insist on withdrawing from QE?</p><p>In our opinion, there are roughly three reasons:</p><p>First, Powell never believes there will be real severe inflationary pressures. As he said at the hearing of the Financial Services Committee of the U.S. House of Representatives not long ago, global deflation has lasted for more than 20 years. Now, how can just one inflation get out of control?</p><p>Second, even if there are inflationary pressures, because of the US dollar's reserve currency status, the consequences of inflation do not need to be borne by the United States alone. We'll get to that later.</p><p>Third, the Fed is more worried about deflationary expectations than inflationary pressures.</p><p>The so-called deflation means that the inflation rate falls below zero, and the whole society is in an environment in which prices continue to fall generally.</p><p>Once people have the expectation that prices will continue to fall, they will save what they want to buy for when it is cheaper in the future. For example, if you want to buy a house, it is 5w per square meter now, but you expect it to become 4w per square meter in two years. If conditions permit, it must be more affordable to buy it after two years. The same logic is true for enterprises to buy raw materials and invest.</p><p>In this way, the desire to spend and invest is greatly reduced, and no amount of money in hand will help. Over 60% of the GDP of the United States comes from consumption. If the demand is not enough, the production will naturally not go up. The economy can only stagnate. Just look at Japan's \"lost 20 years\" to know how terrible the whole process is.</p><p>In the short term, QE is definitely a strong medicine to alleviate deflationary expectations. All it needs to do is push up asset prices, especially the stock market and property market, thus creating the illusion that people are rich and the economy is thriving. Even if it doesn't translate into real cash flow, people may happily spend more, stimulating production and economic recovery. This is entirely a matter of psychology, and it works especially well with fiscal policy.</p><p>However, don't confuse the bull market with the strength of the real economy. Is QE drinking poison to quench thirst, and will it have a backlash to the economy in the future? That's a story later, and we'll talk about it below.</p><p><b>02. The U.S. economy may overheat</b></p><p>As we explained just now, the scale of fiscal and monetary stimulus in the United States is unprecedented. So what will happen to the U.S. economy with such a huge stimulus? The answer is that inflation is rising, the economy is overheating, and the extent of overheating is likely to be much worse than markets expect. Because of the long-term and large-scale QE, it unknowingly gave inflation huge upside.</p><p>In order to understand the impact of long-term QE, let's first explain the whole transmission path of the central bank's monetary policy for macro-control in the simplest way; Go back to a \"prehistoric\" world without QE and see how the monetary policy system works under normal circumstances; Now with QE, how has the operation mode changed.</p><p>We often say that the central bank spreads money, but the money is definitely not directly spread on the people, but first spread to commercial banks and other financial institutions to form the base currency. There are many ways, including adjusting the rediscount rate and adjusting the deposit reserve ratio. The buying and selling of government bonds most related to QE is also one of them. When the central bank buys bonds, it pays a sum of money at the same time, which is essentially to inject a sum of base money into the financial system.</p><p>Then, banks either put the money into the real economy, that is, lend it to enterprises and households through loans, so that they can produce and consume, and promote economic growth; Either, if most enterprises and families are unwilling to borrow money, the remaining money will stay in the banking system in the form of savings, or flow into financial markets such as the stock market. On the one hand, the development of the real economy lacks capital drive, and on the other hand, the financial market may accumulate excess funds to cause bubbles.</p><p>In the world before QE, monetary policy went very smoothly on the above road, that is, the liquidity provided by the Federal Reserve through conventional monetary policy could be well transmitted to enterprises and residents. During the economic recession, while active fiscal policy stabilizes the confidence of enterprises and residents, the central bank lowers the policy interest rate and provides liquidity to the banking industry; As soon as commercial banks have money, residents and businesses are encouraged by low interest rates and fiscal stimulus to actively borrow money to buy houses and invest.</p><p>Once the economy starts to recover, all the central bank has to do is gradually raise policy rates and curb credit, thus preventing inflation. Therefore, it can be seen from the figure that the three lines of textbooks of base money, money supply and bank credit generally rise and fall together. In this process, the long-term interest rate also decreases and rises with the policy interest rate. The United States and Europe before 2008 and Japan before 1990 were in this state.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/5db62c0fd67426e30d8e887c264e2c1d\" tg-width=\"553\" tg-height=\"205\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>But QE broke the picture. Just now, we introduced that after the burst of the real estate bubble in 2008, due to the weak fiscal stimulus, the United States had to walk on one leg, release a lot of liquidity with monetary policy QE, and try to stimulate domestic demand, but with little success in the face of hard-hit families and enterprises. After collateral prices plummeted, people were not only reluctant to borrow money, but they still had a lot of debt waiting to be paid.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e5df372cd565af39ad4d6bcb81d7c6d0\" tg-width=\"553\" tg-height=\"438\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>Therefore, on the one hand, with the expansion of QE and the drop of interest rate to 0, the liquidity of the United States has reached an unprecedented level, and the proportion of base money in GDP has increased from 6% in 2008 to 25%; On the other hand, people hold huge savings but don't spend them. Not only does the money not leave the banking industry in the form of loans, but it also goes back in the form of savings and loan repayments (first picture), which delays the economy and inflation (second picture).</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/519c94b8f058459bc94057a57c4e4bcd\" tg-width=\"553\" tg-height=\"265\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c4531164bb26df43688035a5cf421b70\" tg-width=\"553\" tg-height=\"282\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>That is to say, if the whole monetary system still operates according to the pattern before 2008, inflation in the United States should have risen to a very high level by now. If the money scattered by the central bank is compared to water, the current price is like a sponge wrapped in a layer of gel and difficult to enter water. Once the gel is peeled off, the sponge will quickly absorb water and expand. So we can see what happens once demand improves and people start to borrow again: bank credit and money supply may both be several times higher than they are now, and prices may rise sharply with it, which will mean very high inflation.</p><p>Under such expectations, once the economy shows signs of recovery, the high tension over inflationary pressures will exacerbate the market's panic about liquidity fluctuations. Investors are worried that the central bank will have to reduce bond purchases and even sell long-term bonds at that time, so they will also sell bonds one after another to avoid risks. Therefore, the long-term interest rate of QE countries will rise faster than without QE, further causing serious fluctuations to the real economy, stock market and commodity market.</p><p>The longer QE lasts, the more serious these problems will undoubtedly be. Gu Chaoming, chief researcher of Nomura Securities, put forward a \"quantitative easing Trap\" model during the third round of QE by the Federal Reserve in 2013, and discussed the degree of damage to the economy caused by long-term QE:</p><p>Initially, the long-term interest rate decline in QE countries is much larger than that in non-QE countries, meaning that the economic recovery is subsequently faster (t1). However, as the economy recovers, monetary policy tightens, long-term interest rates climb rapidly, and some interest rate-sensitive industries face declining demand, forcing the central bank to relax its policy stance. After the economy recovered again, as the market re-focused on the possibility of the central bank absorbing excess reserves, long-term interest rates went up in a repeated cycle of so-called \"QE Trap\".</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/95fcf876d04c9fa79632dabb02901fe9\" tg-width=\"553\" tg-height=\"367\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>In contrast, long-term interest rate declines in non-QE countries are gradual, which delays the onset of recovery (t2); But once the economy starts to improve, the pace of recovery will actually be faster because of lower interest rates.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c252a193b242e7b67bb52a022f673936\" tg-width=\"553\" tg-height=\"415\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>From the seven-year experience of gradual normalization of monetary policy in the United States before the epidemic, we can also draw this conclusion. The last round of QE in the United States was phased out in 2013, but what happens if it doesn't? Will the economy be better? Maybe not.</p><p>When the Federal Reserve first began to reduce its bond purchases, the inflation rate was only 1%. After that, although there were nine rate hike and quantitative tightening (QT) started again in October 2017, the inflation rate was still slowly rising. What is holding down inflation is the same reason that keeps it slowly upward, that is, the savings in the hands of households and businesses have never been digested, and without borrowing money, rising interest rates will not put pressure on them. This, in turn, suggests that even if interest rates remain low at that time, economic activity may remain indifferent.</p><p>Not only that, due to the insufficient demand of the real economy, continued QE may lead to a large amount of spare money entering the real estate and financial markets, stirring up a thick asset bubble. In fact, U.S. commercial real estate prices are now 50% higher than their previous peak in 2007.</p><p>Importantly, in view of the fact that this round of QE is much faster than that of the financial crisis, Gu Chaoming believes in a recently released research report that the US economy has already stepped into the \"quantitative easing trap\". Once the private sector resumes borrowing, inflation will soar and long-term debt interest rates will soar. At that time, it will be necessary to greatly raise the policy interest rate to suppress inflation. In the prehistoric world without QE in the late 1970s, where the Fed raised its policy interest rate substantially to 22% to curb inflation, what level does it need now?</p><p><b>03. The United States releases water, and the world pays the bill. How will this big release end?</b></p><p>Just now we talked about the impact of super water release on the US economy. Due to the existence of US dollar hegemony, the influence of US economic policy is by no means limited to the United States. Through a series of transmission mechanisms, this round of economic stimulus in the United States has a far-reaching impact, and it is likely that the world will pay for Americans.</p><p>Among them, emerging markets may pay the biggest price, which has always been the case, and may also be one of the reasons why the United States has unscrupulously released water.</p><p>In 2020, with the surge in the circulation of the US dollar, which is the global reserve currency, various countries started the road of releasing water to resist the inflation caused by the excessive issuance of currency by the United States, and the United States exported inflation to the world. This is directly reflected in the increase of housing prices in various countries. OECD data shows that housing prices in 89% of countries in the world rose last year, the highest proportion since 2000, especially in Turkey and Russia, which rose by more than 20%.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/75c4ae79984d71e542068e5f4451b545\" tg-width=\"553\" tg-height=\"334\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>Now, with the strengthening of inflation expectations in the United States, the sharp rise of US bond yields, and the misalignment of the recovery rhythm between the United States and emerging market countries, the US dollar has begun to strengthen in stages, showing a return trend, and the situation has been completely reversed. Emerging markets have been forced to respond again to the old saying that Americans print money and the world pays for it.</p><p>Since March, emerging market countries have collectively \"jumped ahead\" and rate hike ahead of the Federal Reserve's action. In just one week before and after the interest rate meeting in the United States in March, many emerging market countries set off a rate hike wave:</p><p>On March 17th, the Bank of Brazil announced that it would raise its benchmark lending rate by 75 basis points to 2.75% (50 basis points expected).</p><p>On March 18, the central bank of Turkey announced that it would raise its key interest rate by 200 basis points to 19% (expected to raise to 18%).</p><p>On March 19, the Central Bank of Russia announced a rate hike of 25 basis points to 4.50% (expected to maintain 4.25%).</p><p>Not only that, but the indicators of emerging countries such as India,Argentina,Malaysia,Thailand,Korea and other emerging countries all show that the market's expectations for rate hike are increasing, and there will be at least one rate hike this year to the first half of next year.</p><p>The main reason driving the rate hike in emerging market countries is certainly the upward trend of inflation. From the general analysis, the pressure of inflation still comes from the supply side. On the one hand, the production capacity of downstream consumer goods in such emerging market countries is weak itself, and the impact of the epidemic has widened the gap between supply and demand, which is directly reflected in pushing up commodity prices. On the other hand, the proportion of food and transportation consumption in these countries is over 40-50%, and they rely on imports and exports. Therefore, the rapid upward trend of global petroleum products and food prices further increases the imported inflationary pressure in emerging market countries.</p><p>Figure: Inflation Level Reaches Target Policy Area</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e94ce07a7037fde2b973d9eb87b28c31\" tg-width=\"553\" tg-height=\"218\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>These emerging market countries, which are highly open and dependent on foreign trade, can only passively accept the spillovers of developed countries' economies and policies to a large extent. However, compared with the upward trend of inflation, the economic recovery of these emerging countries is still in a relatively slow process, especially in Brazil and Turkey, where the unemployment rate is higher than 10%, and the control of the epidemic is once again being tested.</p><p>Figure: Economic recovery will take time</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/2f81cda958ecf4d254726ed35cd77803\" tg-width=\"553\" tg-height=\"204\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>At the same time, in order to prevent the a vicious circle expectation of excessive return of US dollar-depreciation of local currency-hyperinflation-domestic rate hike-decline of asset prices-exposure of external debt, emerging market countries have to take the lead in starting rate hike to curb bubbles and stabilize capital outflows.</p><p>Figure: The largest appreciation of national currencies relative to the US dollar last year</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f5087af222bd88b05f938b86843362cc\" tg-width=\"553\" tg-height=\"234\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>And those countries with high foreign debt ratios and significant asset market gains may pay a greater price. Since the beginning of this year, Turkey's overnight lending rate has been higher than 15%, which is still difficult to curb the international capital outflow. After the expected rate hike, the central bank governor stepped down, which triggered a vicious circle expectations, asset prices plummeted and exchange rates collapsed. In terms of external debt, Chile, South Africa, etc. are next.</p><p>High inflation, especially in countries with high asset price increases, shows that more capital enters the virtual economy rather than the real economy recovers, and there is also a greater risk of capital outflow. For example, Argentina and India. rate hike in these countries is more of an operation of two harms and less power, and there is not much independence of monetary policy. Once there is a faster capital outflow, they will pay the price for last year's liquidity feast.</p><p>In the United States, with the return of funds, the arbitrage transactions between the United States and Europe increase the demand for U.S. debt, and the upward pressure on US Treasury yields will be eased.</p><p>Figure: The spread level between Europe and the United States widens to the average level</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/17f074dd3e16aa39866470bd4c68767c\" tg-width=\"553\" tg-height=\"294\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p>With the tide and ebb of the US dollar, China, as the largest emerging market country, will withstand some shocks thanks to its domestic supply capacity, liquidity restraint and currency independence. However, under the global storm, the pressure on asset prices can hardly be eased.</p><p>Perhaps money can be overprinted, but wealth can't. When we look at the current situation of global currency from a more macro perspective, a more profound proposition is how to make good use of our own policy tools, and how to identify good assets as individuals, so that our labor remuneration can be preserved more stably. Understanding the historical responsibility of the RMB in our hands and the value of keeping a low profile, we may be able to prepare ourselves for the risks ahead.</p>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n<p> source:<a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/f3lP37XC665lbZXQhGuNGA\">华尔街见闻</a></p>\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/082208e3c37780dd55878056410ffa43","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/f3lP37XC665lbZXQhGuNGA","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/cc96873d3d23ee6ac10685520df9c100","article_id":"1130451341","content_text":"1997年以色列的一场大会上,有人问弗里德曼,能不能一句话概括出经济学的精义,这位著作等身的经济学大师脱口而出,天下没有免费的午餐,这就是我经济理论的全部。反观当前,过去几周,美国财政刺激和货币宽松的双重浪潮,把全球市场的注意力瞬间从通缩转向通胀,几乎在股债市场掀起血雨腥风。而上周伴随鲍威尔在采访中突然开始释放鹰派信号,这场饕餮盛宴怕是要进入下半场了。真正酒阑人散之前,有人必须要做好买单的准备。只是,单有多大,又由谁来买?随着美国慢慢开始抄底全球资产,美元已经启动回流,新兴市场为了抵御冲击,早已经率先掀起了加息潮。货币的汪洋流向全球之际,是时候品一品美国前财长康纳利的话:美元是我们的货币,却是你们的问题。本期我们就来盘一盘美国这场巨量刺激的来龙去脉。我们将着重探讨三件事:第一,美国推出史无前例的财政货币双刺激,为什么要下这么重的狠手?第二,超级刺激可能导致美国经济严重过热?第三,美国放水,全球买单,这场大放水又会以怎样的方式收场?01、美国这轮刺激有多猛财政刺激有多大?去年4月2.2万亿美元的财政刺激之后,特朗普政府年底又出台了一项9000亿美元的刺激;到了今年,拜登上来就通过了1.9万亿刺激法案,占到美国去年GDP的10%,转眼最新的2.25万亿基建又已官宣。不算还未正式出台的最后一项,短短一年时间,财政刺激总量已经达到了5万亿的天量,纵向对比,是08年金融危机之后两年奥巴马政府将近8000亿刺激的整整6倍;横向对比,这个数字占美国GDP的25%,这一比例远远超过德国(12%)和日本(16%)。而货币政策方面,这轮QE又有多大?2008年金融危机时,美联储耗时6年,用了三轮QE,一共也只购买了3万多亿美元资产,而这次QE只花了6个月,就轻轻松松达到了这一规模。如果08年的财货刺激是左手手里剑右手左轮手枪的话,这次就是两杆齐发的加农炮。但是为什么这次美国财政和货币政策两头都要狂风暴雨式地加足马力?先来看看财政。最新1.9万亿的通过非常戏剧化。这个数字首先是远远超过大家预期的,因为拜登提出这项计划的最初,共和党支持的刺激数字只有6000多亿,之间差了1.3万亿。而拜登之前又一直声称两党要团结合作,大家就认为他会做个折中,最后放水量应该也就在9000亿美元左右。但出人意料的是,拜登突然来了个“霸王硬上弓”式的操作,强行通过了一个叫作“预算调和程序”的方案。简单来说,它把参议院通过刺激法案原本所需要的票数大大降低,只需要过半数就能通过。于是未来就1.9万亿进行投票的时候,就算共和党一致反对,占参议院多数的民主党,也能强行甩开共和党,凭一己之力让法案得到推进。问题是,拜登为什么突然不顾共和党反对,急于让1.9万亿快速板上钉钉?因为2008年金融危机时,奥巴马的民主党就在财政刺激上吃过大亏。12年前,正是因为共和党反对,奥巴马政府的财政刺激方案大幅缩水,原本2万亿美元的刺激方案最终只通过了不到8000亿。但要知道,这点小钱远远无法令经济快速复苏,接下来两年美国经济增长缓慢,就业市场复苏陷入停滞,奥巴马的民众支持率直线下降,很快在2010年中选输掉了众院,被共和党重新夺回了控制权。可以说,上一轮危机中,正是由于奥巴马政府不够强硬,不仅导致民主党失势,还使得美国经济在泥潭中陷得更久。拜登作为奥巴马当时的副手,显然对这次教训刻骨铭心。所以自己上台后一不做二不休,来个硬碰硬,生怕重蹈当年覆辙。那么量化宽松呢?从上面的事实看来,09年的QE是在财政政策被共和党束缚住手脚的情况下,美国做出的“次优选择”。而如今既然已经有了天量刺激,为什么鲍威尔还要坚持迟迟不退出QE?我们认为,大致有以下三个原因:第一,鲍威尔始终不认为会有真正的严重通胀压力。像不久前他在美国众议院金融服务委员会听证会上所说,全球性通缩已持续20多年,现在短短一次通胀,怎么就会失控呢?第二,即便有通胀压力,由于美元的储备货币地位,通胀带来的后果并不需要美国独自承担。我们会在后面说到这一点。第三,比起通胀压力,美联储更担心的是通缩预期。所谓通缩,就是通货膨胀率降到零以下,整个社会处在一个物价持续、普遍下降的环境之中。一旦人们有了价格持续下跌的预期,就会把想买的东西留到未来更便宜的时候去买。比如你想买房,现在是5w一平米,但你预计过两年就变成4w一平米了,那在条件允许的情况下,一定是两年后买入更划得来。对企业购买原料、进行投资也是一样的逻辑。这样一来,消费和投资欲望就被大大降低,手里钱再多也无济于事。美国GDP超六成来自消费,需求不够,生产自然也上不去,经济只能停滞不前,整个过程有多可怕,看看日本“失去的20年”就知道。短期来看,QE对缓解通缩预期绝对是一剂猛药。它只需要做一件事,就是推高资产价格,尤其是股市和楼市价格,从而给人们营造一番手头富裕,经济也欣欣向荣的假象。即便并没有转化成真实的现金流,人们也可能开开心心地进行更多的消费,进而刺激生产和经济复苏。这完全是个心理学问题,在财政政策配合下尤其行得通。但是,切勿把牛市和实体经济走强混为一谈,QE是否是饮鸩止渴,未来会否对经济形成反噬?这是后话,我们会在下面讲到。02、美国经济可能过热刚才我们解释了,美国这次财政、货币刺激的规模史无前例。那么这样的巨额刺激下,美国经济会发生什么呢?答案就是通胀上升,经济过热,而且过热程度可能比市场预期要严重得多。因为长时间、大规模的QE,不知不觉给了通胀巨大的上行空间。为了了解长期QE的影响,下面,我们首先最简单地解释一下央行货币政策进行宏观调控的整个传导路径;再回到一个没有QE的“史前”世界里,看看正常情况下货币政策体系是怎么运转的;如今有了QE,运转模式又发生了怎样的变化。我们常说央行撒钱,但钱肯定不是直接撒在人民群众身上的,而是首先撒给商业银行等各个金融机构,构成基础货币。方法有很多种,包括调节再贴现率、调节存款准备金率,和QE最相关的买卖政府债券也是其中之一,央行买进债券的同时付出去一笔钱,实质就是向金融系统注入一笔基础货币。紧接着,各个银行要么把这些钱投入实体经济,也就是通过贷款的方式借给企业和家庭,让他们进行生产和消费,促进经济增长;要么,如果大多数企业和家庭都不愿意借钱,剩下的钱就会以储蓄的形式滞留在银行体系内部,或是流入股市等金融市场,则一方面实体经济发展缺少资金驱动,另一方面金融市场又可能积累过量资金引发泡沫。在QE前的世界,货币政策在上面一条道路上走得非常顺畅,即美联储通过常规货币政策提供的流动性,能很好地传到企业和居民手里。经济衰退时,一边积极的财政政策稳住企业和居民的信心,一边央行降低政策利率,同时给银行业提供流动性;商业银行一有钱,居民和企业也被低利率和财政刺激鼓舞着,积极借钱买房和投资。一旦经济开始复苏,央行所要做的就是逐步提高政策利率,抑制信贷,从而防止通胀。于是从图上可以看出,基础货币、货币供应、银行信贷三条线教科书一般地同起同落,在此过程中,长期利率也随政策利率下降和回升。2008年前的美欧,1990年前的日本就是处于这种状态。但是QE打破了这一局面。刚才我们介绍过,08年房地产泡沫破裂后,由于财政刺激不给力,美国不得不一条腿走路,用货币政策QE释放大量的流动性,试图刺激内需,却在受到重创的家庭和企业面前收效甚微。抵押物价格暴跌之后,人们不仅不愿意借钱,反而还有大量债务等着还。于是,一边是随着QE扩大、利率下降到0,美国流动性来到前所未有的水平,基础货币占GDP比重从08年的6%上升到25%;另一边,人们握着巨额储蓄却不花出去,资金不仅没有以贷款形式离开银行业,还以储蓄和还贷形式回去了(第一张图),使得经济和通胀迟迟上不来(第二张图)。也就是说,如果整个货币体系仍然按照08年以前的模式运行,现在美国的通胀应该已经上升到很高的水平了。如果把央行撒的钱比作水,现在的价格就像是裹了一层胶质、难以进水的海绵,一旦胶质被剥离掉,海绵就会迅速吸水进而膨胀。于是我们可以看到一旦需求改善,人们开始恢复借款会发生什么:银行信贷和货币供应量都可能比现在高出好几倍,物价也可能随之大幅度攀升,那将意味着非常高的通胀。在这种预期之下,一旦经济出现复苏迹象,对通胀压力的高度紧张,就将加剧市场对流动性波动的恐慌。投资者担心,央行到时候将不得不减少债券购买乃至卖出长期债券,于是也纷纷抛售债券来规避风险,从而,QE国家长期利率也会比没有QE时以更快的速度上行,进一步对实体经济和股市、商品市场造成严重波动。QE持续时间越长,这些问题无疑也会越严重。野村证券首席研究员辜朝明曾在2013年美联储第三轮QE期间,提出了一个“量化宽松陷阱”(QE Trap)模型,讨论了长时间QE对经济的损伤程度:最初,QE国长期利率降幅要比非QE国大得多,意味着随后经济复苏更快(t1)。但随着经济的回暖,货币政策收紧,长期利率迅速攀升,部分利率敏感行业又面临需求下降,迫使央行重新放松政策立场。经济再次复苏后,随着市场又重新关注央行吸收超额准备金的可能性,长期利率在一个所谓“QE Trap”的重复周期中上行。相比之下,非QE国长期利率下降是渐进的,这延迟了复苏的开始(t2);但一旦经济开始好转,由于利率较低,复苏步伐实际会更快。从美国疫情前逐步货币政策正常化的7年经验当中,我们也可以推出这一结论。美国上一轮QE是在2013年逐步退出的,但如果不退会发生什么?经济会更好吗?也许不会。当年美联储刚开始缩减购债的时候,通胀率只有1%,之后虽然9次加息、2017年10月又开始了量化紧缩(QT),通胀率却仍然在慢慢上升。深压住通胀的和让通胀维持缓慢上行的是同一个原因,那就是家庭和企业手里的储蓄始终没有得到消化,没有借钱,利率升高也就对他们造不成压力。这反过来说明,即便当时利率继续保持低位,经济活动也可能无动于衷。不仅如此,由于实体经济需求不足,继续QE反而可能导致大量闲钱进入房地产和金融市场,激起厚厚的资产泡沫。事实上,美国商业地产价格目前已经比2007年的上一个峰值高出了50%。重要的是,鉴于本轮QE比金融危机时已经迅猛得多,辜朝明在最近发布的研报中认为,美国经济已经半只脚踏进“量化宽松陷阱”中了,私营部门一旦恢复借款,通胀飙高、长债利率飙升乃是一触即发,届时将需要大幅提高政策利率来压制通胀。在70年代末那个没有QE的史前世界,美联储把政策利率大幅提高到22%来抑制通胀,如今又需要怎样的水平呢?03、美国放水,全球买单,这场大放水又会以怎样的方式收场?刚才我们谈了超级大放水对美国经济的影响。由于美元霸权的存在,美国经济政策的影响力绝不限于美国国内,通过一系列传导机制,美国这轮经济刺激影响极为深远,很有可能让全球都为美国人买单。而其中付出最大代价的可能还是新兴市场,这在历来都是如此,可能也是美国肆无忌惮大放水的原因之一。2020年,随着作为全球储备货币的美元流通量激增,各国纷纷开启了放水之路,以抵抗美国超发货币所引发的通胀,美国借此将通胀输出到全球。这在各国的房价涨幅上就有直接体现,OECD数据显示,去年全球89%国家的房价都在上涨,这一比例为2000年以来最高,土耳其、俄罗斯尤其上涨超过20%。而如今随着美国通胀预期的增强,美债收益率大幅走高,以及美国与新兴市场国家复苏节奏的错位,美元开始阶段性走强,并呈现出回流态势,局面完全反转。新兴市场被迫再次响应那句老话:美国人印钞票,全世界来买单。3月以来,新兴市场国家集体“抢跑”,赶在美联储行动之前提前加息。美国3月的议息会议前后的短短一周中,多个新兴市场国家纷纷掀起加息潮:3月17日巴西央行宣布上调基准贷款利率75个基点至2.75%(预期50个基点)。3月18日土耳其央行宣布将关键利率上调200个基点至19%(预期上调至18%)。3月19日俄罗斯央行宣布加息25个基点至4.50%(预期维持4.25%)。不仅如此,印度、阿根廷、马来西亚、泰国、韩国等新兴国家的指标均显示,市场对于加息的预期正在增强,今年至明年上半年至少加息一次。推动新兴市场国家加息的主要原因肯定是通胀的上行。而通胀的压力从普遍的分析来看还是自于供给端。一方面这类新兴市场国家下游消费品端的生产能力本身就薄弱,疫情的冲击便使得供需缺口扩大,直接体现到推升商品价格上。另一方面,这些国家的食品与交通类消费占比都在40-50%之上,且依赖于进出口,因而全球石油制品和食品价格的快速上行便进一步增加了新兴市场国家的输入性通胀压力。图:通胀水平达到目标政策区域这些具有高开放性和外贸依赖的新兴市场国家,很大程度上,只能被动接受发达国家经济和政策的溢出。然而,相对于通胀的上行,这些新兴国家的经济修复还处于一个相对偏慢的过程中,尤其是巴西和土耳其,失业率高企10%以上,同时对疫情的控制也再度面临考验。图:经济修复尚需时日与此同时,为了防止出现美元过快回流—本币贬值—恶性通胀—本国加息—资产价格下跌—外债暴露的恶性循环预期,新兴市场国家也不得不率先启动加息,一来抑制泡沫,二来稳定资本流出。图:去年各国货币相对美元最大升值幅度而那些外债比例高和资产市场涨幅明显的国家,或会付出更大的代价。今年以来土耳其隔夜拆借利率高企于15%以上,依然难以抑制国际资本流出,超预期加息后央行行长下台更引发恶性循环预期,资产价格暴跌,汇率崩盘。从外债来看接下来是智利、南非等。通胀偏高,尤其是资产价格涨幅偏高的国家,显示资本更多进入虚拟经济体而非实体经济复苏,也存在较大的资本流出风险。比如阿根廷、印度。这些国家加息更多是两害权其轻的操作,也没有太多货币政策的独立性可言。一旦出现资本流出较快,他们将为去年的流动性盛宴付出代价。美国呢,随着资金回流,美欧套利交易增加美债需求,美债利率上行压力反倒会有所缓解。图:欧美利差水平走阔至均值水平美元潮起潮落,中国作为最大的新兴市场国家,得益于国内的供给能力、流动性克制和货币独立,将抵御部分冲击,但是在全球性的风暴之下,资产价格压力难言缓和。或许货币可以超印,但财富不能,当我们以一个更宏观的视角看待全球货币现状,一个更深刻的命题是,如何用好自己的政策工具,作为个人又如何甄别好的资产,让自己的劳动报酬获得更稳健的保值。理解手中人民币的历史责任和其韬光养晦的价值,我们或许能在即将到来的风险中有所准备。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":2265,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":372411244,"gmtCreate":1619233130788,"gmtModify":1704721629135,"author":{"id":"3576725256218989","authorId":"3576725256218989","name":"家永","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b2bd55700e996ad58a5f66e4394f3c0d","crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3576725256218989","idStr":"3576725256218989"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"hi","listText":"hi","text":"hi","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/372411244","repostId":"1140976980","repostType":4,"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":4189,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":376765455,"gmtCreate":1619150194677,"gmtModify":1704720426152,"author":{"id":"3576725256218989","authorId":"3576725256218989","name":"家永","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b2bd55700e996ad58a5f66e4394f3c0d","crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3576725256218989","idStr":"3576725256218989"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"hi","listText":"hi","text":"hi","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/376765455","repostId":"1156234884","repostType":4,"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":3575,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":344164001,"gmtCreate":1618388818503,"gmtModify":1704710034566,"author":{"id":"3576725256218989","authorId":"3576725256218989","name":"家永","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b2bd55700e996ad58a5f66e4394f3c0d","crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3576725256218989","idStr":"3576725256218989"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"?","listText":"?","text":"?","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/344164001","repostId":"1122331509","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1122331509","kind":"news","weMediaInfo":{"introduction":"为用户提供金融资讯、行情、数据,旨在帮助投资者理解世界,做投资决策。","home_visible":1,"media_name":"老虎资讯综合","id":"102","head_image":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba"},"pubTimestamp":1618386812,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/1122331509?lang=en_US&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2021-04-14 15:53","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"Coinbase CEO Open Letter: Going public will be a milestone","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1122331509","media":"老虎资讯综合","summary":"4月14日讯,Coinbase联合创始人兼首席执行官Brian Armstrong发表公开信,他表示,今天,Coinbase在纳斯达克上市,十年的工作把我们带到了这里。我们经历了许多波折,凭借运气和技","content":"<p>On April 14th, Brian Armstrong, co-founder and CEO of Coinbase, issued an open letter, saying that today, Coinbase is listed on Nasdaq, and ten years of work has brought us here. We went through many twists and turns, and with luck and skill, Coinbase succeeded.</p><p>Today's listing is a milestone, we are still in the early stages of this industry, we will focus on the future, our mission is to increase economic freedom in the world and build the best crypto experience for our community.</p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Coinbase CEO Open Letter: Going public will be a milestone</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nCoinbase CEO Open Letter: Going public will be a milestone\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/102\">\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">老虎资讯综合 </p>\n<p class=\"h-time smaller\">2021-04-14 15:53</p>\n</div>\n</a>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p>On April 14th, Brian Armstrong, co-founder and CEO of Coinbase, issued an open letter, saying that today, Coinbase is listed on Nasdaq, and ten years of work has brought us here. We went through many twists and turns, and with luck and skill, Coinbase succeeded.</p><p>Today's listing is a milestone, we are still in the early stages of this industry, we will focus on the future, our mission is to increase economic freedom in the world and build the best crypto experience for our community.</p>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/d6db40d956c8408164a91b547b53e56c","relate_stocks":{"COIN":"Coinbase Global, Inc."},"is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1122331509","content_text":"4月14日讯,Coinbase联合创始人兼首席执行官Brian Armstrong发表公开信,他表示,今天,Coinbase在纳斯达克上市,十年的工作把我们带到了这里。我们经历了许多波折,凭借运气和技巧,Coinbase成功了。今天的上市是一个里程碑,我们仍处在这个行业的早期,我们将专注于未来,我们的使命是增加世界上的经济自由和为我们的社区构建最佳的加密体验。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"COIN":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":4648,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":351915382,"gmtCreate":1616552590246,"gmtModify":1704795563116,"author":{"id":"3576725256218989","authorId":"3576725256218989","name":"家永","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b2bd55700e996ad58a5f66e4394f3c0d","crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3576725256218989","idStr":"3576725256218989"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"6","listText":"6","text":"6","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/351915382","repostId":"2121370294","repostType":4,"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1947,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0}],"defaultTab":"following","isTTM":true}