霍尔木兹重开也没用?化肥船“大堵塞”仍难解,全球尿素贸易恢复恐需数月

华尔街见闻06-16

尽管美伊接近达成和平协议为霍尔木兹海峡重新开放铺平道路,但全球化肥供应链的恢复仍将缓慢而复杂。

据彭博,船东仍在等待更多安全细节以评估过境安全性,化肥货运的恢复预计不会立竿见影。市场观察人士认为,随着滞留该地区的数百艘各类货船争相通行,化肥运输的恢复将是渐进式的。

自4月中旬以来,尿素价格已累计下跌逾30%,显示市场正在快速消化地缘局势缓和的预期。不过,美国市场当前化肥价格仍较一年前高出约10%,表明供应链压力尚未完全消退。

霍尔木兹海峡自2月底以来实际上处于关闭状态,该海峡承担着全球约三分之一的尿素贸易量。据彭博和Kpler船舶追踪数据显示,目前有逾40艘满载化肥的船只滞留附近。自冲突爆发以来,每周化肥出口量较冲突前水平下降90%,从2月底的近60万吨骤降至6月初的约6万吨。

分析人士预计,即便海峡恢复通行,化肥货船也不太可能跻身优先放行之列。对全球能源流动至关重要的油轮和液化天然气运输船将获得优先通行权。Kpler干散货高级分析师Alexis Ellender表示:“一旦霍尔木兹海峡恢复正常通行,油轮和LNG运输船将排在队伍最前面,化肥的优先级没有那么高。”

CRU高级分析师Pranshi Goyal指出,滞留在海湾地区的船只共载有约100万吨氮肥,其中约40%已预先承诺供应印度。其余部分一旦过境恢复,将重新流入市场,可能对化肥价格构成进一步下行压力。

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