高油价点火,美国通胀冲向4%关口!

华尔街见闻04-02

美国通胀压力正在急剧升温,美银警告受能源价格飙升驱动,美国整体PCE通胀率将在未来数月内迅速攀升,峰值逼近4%,远超美联储2%的政策目标。

据追风交易台,美国银行全球研究团队4月1日发布的报告显示,经济学家Stephen Juneau与Shruti Mishra已大幅上调整体PCE通胀预测,新预测路径与此前相比显著抬升,峰值预计出现在本季度(2026年第二季度)。这一修订直接源于该行大宗商品团队对油价预测的上调,能源价格的快速传导效应将在短期内集中体现于整体通胀数据之中。

更令市场担忧的是,通胀压力并非昙花一现。美国银行指,即便油价在明年回落,届时整体通胀水平仍将比此前预测高出约50个基点,原因在于两项持续性扰动因素:一是化肥供应中断推高2027年食品通胀,二是全球供应链问题的长期化。这意味着通胀回归目标的路径将比市场此前预期更为曲折,对美联储的降息时间表构成直接制约。

供应链层面的扰动被美国银行视为通胀持续性的核心变量。报告指出,化肥供应中断具有黏性,将持续推升食品价格;与此同时,全球供应链问题尚未得到根本性解决,其对价格水平的影响将延续至2027年。

在经济增长层面,美国银行同步下调了第一季度GDP追踪估算,目前预测为环比折年率2.2%,较此前的2.8%明显回落,主要拖累来自建筑支出低于预期。这一"增长放缓、通胀高企"的组合,加剧了政策两难困境。

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